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Developer interview notes & guides — Page 21

Focused explanations and longer guides, with worked scenarios, common mistakes and interview exercises across every chapter.

read ✓HTML & CSS · mid

HTML Responsive Images and Source Selection

HTML Responsive Images and Source Selection. Learn the reasoning, a practical example, common mistakes and an interview exercise.

~2 min readread →
read ✓HTML & CSS · mid

CSS Z-Index and Stacking Contexts

CSS Z-Index and Stacking Contexts. Learn the reasoning, a practical example, common mistakes and an interview exercise.

~2 min readread →
read ✓Java · easy

Java ArrayList Capacity and Performance

How ArrayList grows its backing array by 1.5x, why add is amortized O(1), and when ensureCapacity or a different list actually helps.

~8 min readread →
read ✓Java · mid

Java Comparators and Ordered Collections

Why TreeSet and TreeMap drop elements when a Comparator disagrees with equals, and how to write comparators that obey the full contract.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · hard

Java CompletableFuture Error Composition

How exceptions travel through CompletableFuture chains, when to use exceptionally, handle or whenComplete, and why causes arrive wrapped.

~7 min readread →
read ✓Java · mid

Java Exceptions and Recovery Boundaries

Checked vs unchecked exceptions in Java, where to catch, when to wrap with a cause, and how to avoid swallowing failures at the wrong layer.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · hard

Java Executors and Task Lifecycle

How shutdown, shutdownNow and awaitTermination differ in ExecutorService, and the safe pattern for stopping thread pools without losing work.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · hard

Java Garbage Collection and Retained Objects

How Java memory leaks happen despite garbage collection: GC roots, reachability, retained size, and finding the reference chain in a heap dump.

~7 min readread →
read ✓Java · easy

Java HashMap Collisions and Key Quality

How HashMap works internally: hash spreading, bucket index, collisions, load factor resizing and the Java 8 switch from chains to trees.

~7 min readread →
read ✓Java · easy

Java Immutable Objects and Defensive Copies

How to make a class immutable in Java: final fields, no setters, defensive copies of mutable inputs and outputs, and safe publication.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · hard

Java Time Types and Zone-Aware Decisions

When to use Instant, LocalDateTime, ZonedDateTime and OffsetDateTime, and how daylight saving gaps and overlaps break naive date code.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · mid

Java Optional as an Absence Contract

When to return Optional in Java, why get and isPresent checks miss the point, and why Optional fields, parameters and collections are a smell.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · easy

Java Records and Shallow Immutability

What Java records generate, why they are only shallowly immutable, how compact constructors copy and validate, and where records do not fit.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · mid

Java Streams and Lazy Pipelines

Why Java stream intermediate operations do nothing until a terminal operation runs, how elements flow one by one, and where laziness bites.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · mid

Java Stream Reuse and Collection Ownership

Why reusing a Java stream throws IllegalStateException, how to share data with a Supplier or a collection, and what toList returns.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · easy

Java String Equality and Identity

Java String equals vs ==: why == compares references, how the string pool and compile-time constants make it seem to work, and safe comparisons.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · mid

Java Thread Visibility and Happens-Before

Why one Java thread may never see another's write, what volatile guarantees, and how happens-before rules make publication safe.

~7 min readread →
read ✓Java · mid

Java Try-With-Resources and Cleanup

How try-with-resources closes resources in reverse order, keeps the primary exception with suppressed close failures, and beats finally.

~6 min readread →
read ✓Java · hard

Java Virtual Threads and Blocking Workloads

When Java 21 virtual threads help, why they do not speed up CPU-bound work, and how pinning, pooling and resource limits trip teams up.

~7 min readread →
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