Networking: IP Subnetting and CIDR
Read CIDR notation, compute usable host ranges, and design non-overlapping subnets for a VPC.
~2 min readread →
Developer interview notes & guides — Page 8
Focused explanations and longer guides, with worked scenarios, common mistakes and interview exercises across every chapter.
level:
Showing 169–192 of 825 articles
Networking: L4 vs L7 Load Balancing
Choose between a transport-layer and an application-layer load balancer, and understand what each can and cannot route on.
~2 min readread →
Networking: MTU and Fragmentation
Why the MTU limits packet size, how path MTU discovery avoids fragmentation, and why tunnels cause black-hole connections.
~2 min readread →
Networking: TCP Flow Control
How the receive window stops a fast sender from overrunning a slow receiver, and how it differs from congestion control.
~2 min readread →
Networking: The TLS Handshake
How TLS negotiates keys and certificates, what TLS 1.3 improves, and the certificate mistakes that break HTTPS.
~2 min readread →
Node.js Caching Layers and Invalidation
Choose where to cache, set TTLs, avoid caching errors, and protect a cold cache with single-flight loading.
~2 min readread →
Node.js Clustering Across CPU Cores
Use cluster to run several workers on all cores, restart crashed workers, and understand shared-port and shared-state limits.
~2 min readread →
Node.js Password Hashing with scrypt
Store passwords as salted hashes with a slow key-derivation function, and compare candidates in constant time.
~2 min readread →
Node.js ESM and CommonJS Interop
Choose between ESM and CommonJS, import CJS defaults from ESM, and reach ESM from CJS with dynamic import.
~2 min readread →
Node.js HTTP Security Headers
Set defensive HTTP headers centrally: content type protection, a content security policy, referrer policy and HSTS over HTTPS.
~2 min readread →
Node.js Retries with Backoff and Jitter
Retry only transient failures, space attempts with exponential backoff plus jitter, and cap attempts and total time.
~2 min readread →
Node.js Structured Logging
Emit JSON logs with levels and correlation ids, keep them machine-readable, and never log secrets or personal data.
~2 min readread →
Node.js URL and URLSearchParams
Build and parse URLs with the WHATWG URL API instead of string concatenation, and validate the host before fetching.
~2 min readread →
Node.js Response Compression with zlib
Compress HTTP responses with gzip or brotli streams, negotiate the encoding, and avoid compressing data that is already compressed.
~2 min readread →
Operating Systems: CPU Cache Locality
Improve performance with spatial and temporal locality, avoid pointer chasing, and understand false sharing between threads.
~2 min readread →
Copy-on-Write Memory and fork
How copy-on-write lets fork share pages until a write, why RSS can be misleading, and the implications for memory and latency.
~2 min readread →
Operating Systems: epoll and select
How select, poll and epoll report I/O readiness, and the difference between level- and edge-triggered notifications.
~2 min readread →
Operating Systems: I/O Models
Compare blocking, non-blocking, multiplexed and asynchronous I/O, and why the choice drives server scalability.
~2 min readread →
Operating Systems: Journaling and Durability
How write-ahead journaling keeps a filesystem consistent after a crash, and why durability needs an explicit fsync.
~2 min readread →
Operating Systems: Memory Allocation
Compare stack and heap allocation, how the allocator manages the heap, and the fragmentation and lifetime bugs that follow.
~2 min readread →
Operating Systems: Signals
Use SIGTERM for graceful shutdown, respect the limits of signal handlers, and know which signals cannot be caught.
~2 min readread →
Operating Systems: Swap and Thrashing
How swapping extends memory, when it becomes thrashing, and how overcommit and the OOM killer respond to exhaustion.
~2 min readread →
Operating Systems: Thread Pools
Bound concurrency with a fixed pool and a queue, size it for the workload, and avoid the unbounded backlog.
~2 min readread →
Python asyncio.gather and Timeouts
Run coroutines concurrently with asyncio.gather, enforce timeouts, and handle partial failures and cancellation correctly.
~2 min readread →
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